1) Possibly important therapeutic Interventions that are being employed with success

1a) Ozone Therapy applied with success in Hospital in Ibiza, Spain:

https://www.worldhealth.net/news/clinic-becomes-first-use-ozone-therapy-spain/

SUCCESS: Ozone therapy has been used with success at the Nuestra Señora del Rosario Polyclinic Hospital

In a press release the clinic said: “Many patients who were about to be intubated and connected to mechanical ventilation have, thanks to ozone therapy, not only avoided it but improved to the point of not requiring oxygen with just a few treatment sessions.”  Using ozone to disinfect and treat conditions, improve the body’s intake and use of oxygen, and activating the immune system, the therapy has already been trialled on coronavirus patients in Italy and China. At the Santa María della Misericordia University Hospital in Udine, 36 people with pneumonia and respiratory failure were administere with ozone therapy. Only 3% required intubation, compared to the usual 15%, with Dr. De Monte stating that the infusion of ozone helped to strengthen the patients’ response to the effects of the infection.

1b) High-Dose Vitamine C Infusion as initial and/or supportive Therapy:

As Vitamine C tends to deplete rapidly in infections like COVID-19, a strong constant supply is extremely important for a functioning immune system.

China is conducting a clinical trial of 24,000 mg/day of intravenous vitamin C to treat patients with coronavirus and severe respiratory complications. Participants will receive IV vitamin C for 7 days straight at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University.

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04264533

At Zhongnan Hospital in Wuhan, China, 24,000 mg of vitamin C will be administered to coronavirus patients, intravenously, each day for 7 days.

To fight a dangerous virus for which there is no existing medical treatment, you must rely on your own immune system. It is well established, in every nutrition textbook ever written, that you need vitamin C to make your immune system work well, or to even work at all.

Anecdotal evidence from a New York hospital confirms this approach:

https://www.newsweek.com/new-york-hospitals-vitamin-c-coronavirus-patients-1494407

2) Medications that help to avoid, dampen or manage Cytokine storm

(Alternatives to Corticosteroids that do not impair the immune system as much)

2a)  Melatonin  – much more than a sleep hormone:
       an immune-modulatory hormone!

Evidence suggests that excessive inflammation, oxidation, and an exaggerated immune response very likely contribute to COVID-19 pathology. This leads to a cytokine storm and subsequent progression to acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and often death. Melatonin, a well-known anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative molecule, is protective against ALI/ARDS caused by viral and other pathogens. Melatonin is effective in critical care patients by reducing vessel permeability, anxiety, sedation use, and improving sleeping quality, which might also be beneficial for better clinical outcomes for COVID-19 patients. Notably, melatonin has a high safety profile. There is significant data showing that melatonin limits virus-related diseases and would also likely be beneficial in COVID-19 patients:

2b) Phytotherapeutics with strong anti-inflammatory properties (Triterpenes):

Triterpenes like 1,8-Cineol have been demonstrated to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects similar to Corticosteriods (!), but without the same immune-dampening effects.

Therefore, these could be an adjuvant in very early stages of infection.   Studies by Juergens have shown that 1.8 cineol but also triterpenes, which are found in many plant extracts, inhibit formation of prostaglandin E₂, leukotriene B₄, and interleukin₁  by a very high degree.

Triterpenes are contained in various phytotherapeutic cough medicines like e.g. Bronchipret which are available over the counter (Bionorica).

This proposal comes from Josef Peter Guggenbichler [ https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Josef_Guggenbichler],
a Professor emeritus for Pediatrics and Infectiology (University of Nuremberg and Erlangen, Germany).

He has seen the beneficial effects of these phytothearpeutics confirmed in clinical practice many times.
These phytotherapeutics are freely available in Germany, Austria and Switzerland (without prescription) and are very safe.

It might be worth a trial as a preventative medication e.g. in care homes or similar.

3) Important but neglected Preventive Measures
    before infection and for early stage of infection

3a) Zinc

Broad-based distribution of Zinc lozenges might be a highly effective adjuvant and/or preventive measure against a viral infections, especially as also the Corona infection seems to very often start in the throat.

Zinc’s absolutely critical function for the immune system is so well known and documented that I list only a few citations here:

3b) Vitamin D+K  (!)

I assume it is well accepted by most people that we need to avoid Vitamin D deficiency in order to be well-defended against viral infections.
Most people who live the Western life (lots of time inside buildings and always with clothes) have a permanent lack of Vitamin D which should be brought up to normal levels to get a better defense up, and might even temporarily mega-dosed at first signs of infection:

4) The Perils of Intubation – 
     and New Hypotheses on Pathology

Various clinicians with frontline experience have started to speak out against ventilator use and say they may do more harm than good in many severe cases:  https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8230775/Is-proof-live-saving-ventilators-actually-deathtraps.html

New York casualty doctor Cameron Kyle-Sidell: “’I fear this misguided treatment will lead to a tremendous amount of harm in a very short time. Covid-19 is not a pneumonia and should not be treated as one.’»

“In New York, which has been hit particularly hard by the virus, 80 per cent of ventilated patients failed to recover. The loss of life in other countries for those on the machines is equally terrifying. Dr David Farcy, the president of the American Academy of Emergency Medicine, warns against using them indiscriminately.»

4a) Important:  COVID-19 does NOT ONLY AFFECT the lung,

but results in systemic Endotheliitis:

COVID-19 was considered to be a lung disease. Up until now, it has been unclear as to why patients are sustaining life-threatening organ failure in organs other than the lungs. An interdisciplinary team from University Hospital Zurich has now shown that SARS-CoV-2 directly elicits inflammation in blood vessels and that this can lead to organ failure and even death.

The first COVID-19 patients with severe progressions of the disease suffered mainly from viral and difficult-to-treat lung inflammations as a complication. This is a typical illness connected to coronaviruses, as they primarily attack respiratory tracts. Doctors realized, however, that an increasing number of patients were displaying cardiovascular problems and multiple organ failure and it was unclear as to whether and to what extent these were connected to the inflammation of the patients’ lungs. As it mainly affected older people, doctors assumed that the strain placed on patients by the virus was triggering cardiovascular problems that are typical for this age group.  

http://www.en.usz.ch/media/press-releases/pages/covid-19-endotheliitis.aspx

Also in that context, it is important to review and further investigate the “Hemotheory” of Covid-19 (which is currently mostly based on Bioinformatics simulations, but sort of reinforced by high ferritin levels in the plasma of severe cases (!):

4b) “The Hemo Hypothesis” – does Covid-19 inhibit oxygen transport?

If this hypothesis (which is rudimentary) should turn out to be true, this virus is much more dangerous than initially thought.

Here is a Bioinformatics paper that points towards this direction:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339748594_COVID-19_Disease_ORF8_and_Surface_Glycoprotein_Inhibit_Heme_Metabolism_by_Binding_to_Porphyrin

«The results showed the ORF8 and surface glycoprotein could bind to the porphyrin, respectively, while orf1ab, ORF10 and ORF3a proteins could coordinately attack heme to dissociate the iron to form the porphyrin. The mechanism seriously interfered with the normal heme anabolic pathway of the human body, being expected to result in human disease.»

Here is another a recent pre-pub bioinformatics paper from China that predicts that Covid-19 docks to the Beta-1 Chain of Hemoglobin and Inhibits Oxygen transport:

https://chemrxiv.org/articles/COVID-19_Disease_ORF8_and_Surface_Glycoprotein_Inhibit_Heme_Metabolism_by_Binding_to_Porphyrin/11938173

These two papers hypothesis could be somewhat backed up by the high level of ferritin in many severe Covid-19 cases!

Covid-19: acquired acute porphyria hypothesis

This author argues that Covid-19 has high probability of being more than a disease of pneumonia, and that critical Covid-19 patients may be experiencing a form of acquired acute porphyria. Readily available interventions exist to treat acute porphyria and the position is advanced that urinalysis of critical Covid-19 patients would diagnose this pathology:  https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=15&ved=2ahUKEwjssfmvo_roAhVI6aQKHbfKC744ChAWMAR6BAgHEAE&url=https%3A%2F%2Fosf.io%2F4wkfy%2Fdownload%2F%3Fformat%3Dpdf&usg=AOvVaw2aUKMUoT-E7lUm0WvwqQaj

Equally  interesting in that context is this anecdotal case from Iran which suggests there must be a connection with Erythrocytes:

Hadadi A, Mortezazadeh M, Kolahdouzan K, Alavian G. Does recombinant human Erythropoietin administration in critically ill COVID-19 patients have miraculous therapeutic effects? [published online ahead of print, 2020 Apr 8]. J Med Virol. 2020;10.1002/jmv.25839. doi:10.1002/jmv.25839

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32270515/

«An 80-year-old man with multiple comorbidities presented to the emergency department with tachypnea, tachycardia, fever and critically low O2 saturation and definitive chest CT scan findings in favor of COVID-19 and positive PCR results in 48 h. He received antiviral treatment plus recombinant human Erythropoietin(rhEPO) due to his severe anemia. After 7 days of treatment, he was discharged with miraculous improvement in his symptoms and hemoglobin level.”

All of this makes it necessary to review the actual clinical experiences and get more data regarding this aspect.

If Coronavirus does in fact attack red blood cells, forced respiration will damage the lung as it doesn’t resolve the problem of falling oxygen saturation!

5) Other hints that might be of use

This Professor from Zurich Federal Institute of Technology, Biology Department makes a good case for preventive use of inhalation and salt water gargling:

https://ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2020/03/zukunftsblog-viola-vogel-reducing-the-risk-of-infection.html

This new Belgian study advises for far more distance between joggers and other sporties:

https://medium.com/@jurgenthoelen/belgian-dutch-study-why-in-times-of-covid-19-you-can-not-walk-run-bike-close-to-each-other-a5df19c77d08

If disinfectants are sold out:  Soap instead of disinfectants – equally good for non-clinical use as Coronavirus has a lipid hull – and soap dissolves lipids:

https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/03/coronavirus-soap-covid-19-virus-hygiene/